AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF HERDSMEN ACTIVITIES ON COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT

AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF HERDSMEN ACTIVITIES ON COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Without a shadow of a doubt, the Fulani are an important cog in the economic machine that is Nigeria. They are the most important breeders of goats, sheep, and cattle, which are the most important sources of meat and an economical source of animal proteins consumed by Nigerians. Goats, sheep, and cattle account for the majority of Nigerians' diets (Abubakar, 2022). The Fula origin, sometimes known as the Fulani, are a massive population of dwellers that are widely spread over all of Africa, with the majority living in West Africa. The Fulani people are descended from individuals who once lived in both the Middle East and North Africa. On the other hand, the origin of the Fulani people may be traced back to the Berbers of North Africa about the 8th or 11th century AD (Adisa, 2021). Over the course of a millennium, between the years 900 and 1900 AD, they expanded their territory to include the majority of West Africa and portions of Central Africa (Aliyu, 2022). The Fulani migrants were almost entirely composed of Muslims. At the beginning of the 18th century, there were uprisings between the Fulani people and the people who lived in the local village.

The majority of Fulani people live a nomadic lifestyle. They move with their flocks of sheep, goats, and cattle over the arid grasslands that surround them, making them the most prominent pastoral nomadic community in the world. The Fulbe Gombe, Fulbe Adamawa, Fulbe Sokoto, Fulbe Mbororo, and Fulbe Borgu are the primary subgroups that make up the Fulani people in Nigeria (Audu, 2021).

Over ninety percent of the cattle population in Nigeria is owned by the Fulani people, who are responsible for one-third of the GDP from agriculture and 3.2% of the GDP overall in Nigeria (Baca, 2022). During the dry season, the Fulani herders are constantly on the move in search of new grazing ground for their cattle, and the majority of the time, they take their livestock with them. They are often accompanied by their dark-skinned sedentary kinsmen (urban or town Fulani), who are better educated, more dynamic as politicians, and were fanatical and versed as Muslims than the former. When the Fulani light-skinned herders migrate, they are often accompanied by their dark-skinned sedentary kinsmen (urban or town Fulani). When the herders come up against local opposition to their encroachments, the sedentaries provide the necessary political and military strategy for resistance. On the other hand, when the sedentaries feel the need for socio-religious cleansing (a jihad), the herdsmen provide the rank and file of the fighting forces.

However, the Fulani herders in most cases settled in fertile areas to rear their cattle, and when the migration continued to be dictated by economic and socio-political factors, increased trends of conflict between the herders and their host communities (farmers) escalated. In most cases, the migration continued to be dictated by economic and socio-political factors.

Every year, the Fulani herders caused the deaths of many Nigerians, as well as the destruction of their homes, houses, and farmlands, as well as their harvests. Because Fulani herders have encroached into farmlands, this has been the root cause of many of the confrontations that have arisen between farmers and Fulani herdsmen.

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